updated grammar; better LinkedList example

examples/LinkedList.plsm

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+module test;
+
+import stdlib/io;
+import stdlib/heap;
+import stdlib/err;
+
+trait Collection<T> {
+  add(item: &T) -> void;
+  remove(item: &T) -> void;
+  contains(item: &T) -> bool;
+
+  size() -> u64;
+
+  isEmpty() -> bool = self.size() > 0;
+  isNotEmpty() -> bool = self.size() <= 0;
+
+  each(fn: (item: &T, break: () -> void) -> void) -> void;
+
+  any(fn: (&T) -> bool) -> bool {
+    let mut res = false;
+
+    self.each((item, break) -> {
+      if fn(item) {
+        res = true;
+        break();
+      }
+    });
+
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  all(fn: (&T) -> bool) -> bool {
+    let mut res = true;
+
+    self.each((item, break) -> {
+      if !fn(item) {
+        res = false;
+        break();
+      }
+    });
+
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  // map<S>(fn: (&T) -> &S) -> Collection<S>;
+  // filter(fn: (&T) -> bool) -> Collection<T>;
+}
+
+trait Queue<T> : Collection<T> {
+  put(item: &T) -> void;
+  take() -> &T;
+  poll() -> &T?;
+  peek() -> &T?;
+}
+
+trait Stack<T> : Collection<T> {
+  push(item: &T) -> void;
+  pop() -> &T;
+  peek() -> &T?;
+}
+
+struct LinkedList<T> {
+  pub mut head: &T?;
+  pub mut tail: &LinkedList<T>?;
+  mut size: u64;
+
+  init() -> void {
+    self.head = null;
+    self.tail = null;
+    self.size = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+impl Collection<T> for LinkedList<T> {
+  add(item: &T) -> void {
+    if self.head == null {
+      self.head = item;
+      self.size = self.size + 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if self.tail == null {
+      self.tail = heap.new(LinkedList);
+      self.tail.init();
+    }
+
+    self.tail.add(item);
+    self.size = self.size + 1;
+  }
+
+  remove(item: &T) -> void {
+    if self.head == null {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if self.head == item {
+      let next = self.tail;
+      if next != null {
+        self.head = self.tail.head;
+        self.tail = self.tail.tail;
+        heap.free(next);
+      } else {
+        self.head = null;
+      }
+
+      self.size = self.size - 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    self.tail.remove(item);
+    self.size = self.size - 1;
+  }
+
+  contains(item: &T) -> bool {
+    if self.head == null {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if self.head == item {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return self.tail.contains(item);
+  }
+
+  size() -> u64 {
+    return self.size;
+  }
+
+  each(fn: (item: &T, break: () -> void) -> void) -> void {
+    if self.head == null {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let mut continue = true;
+    fn(self.head, () -> { continue = false; });
+
+    if continue && self.tail != null {
+      self.tail.each(fn);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+impl Queue<T> for LinkedList<T> {
+  put(item: &T) -> void = self.add(item);
+
+  take() -> &T {
+    if head == null {
+      // TODO: wait for item to be available
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    let item = self.head;
+    self.remove(item);
+    return item;
+  }
+
+  poll() -> &T? {
+    if self.head == null {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    let item = self.head;
+    self.remove(item);
+    return item;
+  }
+
+  peek() -> &T? = self.head;
+}

examples/heap.plsm

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module memory/heap;
+
+fun alloc(size: u64) {
+  // TODO
+}
+
+fun new(_struct: Struct) {
+
+}
+
+unsafe fun memset(addr: &u8, count: u64, value: u8) {
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < count) {
+    addr[i] = value;
+    i += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+struct Array<T> {
+  ptr: &T;
+  
+  ([])(index: u64) {
+
+  }
+}

examples/test.plsm

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-module test;
-
-import stdlib/io;
-
-fun main -> {
-  io.println(foo() + 10);
-}
-
-trait Expr {
-  visit<T>(visitor: Visitor<T>): T;
-}
-
-trait ExprVisitor<T> {
-  visitString(string: String): T;
-}
-
-trait List<T : any> {
-  size: int;
-  get(index: int): T;
-  set(index: int, value: T): void;
-}
-
-struct LinkedList<T : any> {
-  head: T?;
-  tail: LinkedList<T>?;
-
-  init -> {
-    self.head = null;
-    self.tail = null;
-  }
-}
-
-impl List<T> for LinkedList<T> {
-  size -> {
-    if self.head == null {
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    if self.tail == null {
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 1 + self.tail.size();
-  }
-
-  get(index) -> {
-    if index == 0 {
-      return self.head;
-    }
-
-    return self.tail.get(index - 1);
-  }
-
-  set(index, value) -> {
-    if index == 0 {
-      self.head = value;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if self.tail == null {
-      raise StringError(
-        "LinkedList<T>.set(...): index out of bounds",
-      );
-    }
-
-    self.tail.set(index - 1, value,);
-  }
-}
-
-fun foo -> "Hello World!";

src/antlr/plsm.g4

@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ innerStmt
 	}
 	| varDecl { $ast = $varDecl.ast }
 	| returnStmt { $ast = $returnStmt.ast }
-	| raiseStmt { $ast = $raiseStmt.ast }
 	| ifStmt { $ast = $ifStmt.ast }
 	| whileStmt { $ast = $whileStmt.ast };
 
 varDecl
 	returns[AST.VarDecl ast = null as any]:
-	'let' (name = ID) (':' typeName)? '=' rval = expr ';' {
+	'let' mut = 'mut'? (name = ID) (':' typeName)? '=' rval = expr ';' {
 		$ast = new AST.VarDecl(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			!!$ctx._mut,
 			$name.text!,
 			$ctx.typeName()?.ast ?? null,
 			$rval.ast,
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ varDecl
 
 funDecl
 	returns[AST.FunDecl ast = null as any]:
-	'fun' name = ID (
+	pub = 'pub'? 'fun' name = ID (
 		'(' (params += funParam (',' params += funParam)* ','?)? ')'
-	)? (':' returnType = typeName)? '->' (
+	)? '->' returnTypeName = typeName '->' (
-		exprBody = expr ';'
+		'=' exprBody = expr ';'
 		| blockBody = block
 	) {
 		let block: AST.Block;
@@ -115,9 +115,10 @@ funDecl
 
 		$ast = new AST.FunDecl(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			!!$ctx._pub,
 			$name.text!,
-			$ctx._returnType?.ast ?? null,
 			$params.map(p => p.ast),
+			$returnTypeName.ast,
 			block,
 		);
 	};
@@ -134,74 +135,72 @@ funParam
 
 structDecl
 	returns[AST.StructDecl ast = null as any]:
-	'struct' name = ID (
+	pub = 'pub'? 'struct' name = ID (
-		'<' typeParams += structTypeParam (
+		'<' structTypeParams += ID (',' structTypeParams += ID)* '>'
-			',' typeParams += structTypeParam
+	)? '{' fields += memberField* methods += memberMethod* '}' {
-		)* '>'
-	)? '{' fields += structField* initializers += structInitializer* '}' {
 		$ast = new AST.StructDecl(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			!!$ctx._pub,
 			$name.text!,
-			$typeParams.map(p => p.ast),
+			$structTypeParams.map(p => p.text),
-			$fields.map(f => f.ast),
+			$fields.map(field => field.ast),
-			$initializers.map(i => i.ast),
+			$methods.map(method => method.ast),
-		);
-	};
-
-structField
-	returns[AST.StructField ast = null as any]:
-	name = ID ':' typeName ';' {
-		$ast = new AST.StructField(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$name.text!,
-			$typeName.ast,
-		);
-	};
-
-structInitializer
-	returns[AST.StructInitializer ast = null as any]:
-	'init' (
-		'(' (params += funParam (',' params += funParam)* ','?)? ')'
-	)? '->' body = block {
-		$ast = new AST.StructInitializer(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$params.map(p => p.ast),
-			$body.ast,
-		);
-	};
-
-structTypeParam
-	returns[AST.StructTypeParam ast = null as any]:
-	name = ID (':' bound = typeName)? {
-		$ast = new AST.StructTypeParam(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$name.text!,
-			$ctx._bound?.ast ?? null,
 		);
 	};
 
 traitDecl
 	returns[AST.TraitDecl ast = null as any]:
-	'trait' name = ID (
+	pub = 'pub'? 'trait' name = ID (
-		'<' typeParams += traitTypeParam (
+		'<' traitTypeParams += ID (',' traitTypeParams += ID)* '>'
-			',' typeParams += traitTypeParam
+	)? (
-		)* '>'
+		':' parents += namedOrGenericTypeName (
-	)? '{' attrs += traitAttr* '}' {
+			',' parents += namedOrGenericTypeName
+		)*
+	)? '{' methods += memberMethod* '}' {
 		$ast = new AST.TraitDecl(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			!!$ctx._pub,
 			$name.text!,
-			$typeParams.map(tp => tp.ast),
+			$traitTypeParams.map(tp => tp.text),
-			$attrs.map(attr => attr.ast),
+			$parents.map(parent => parent.ast),
+			$methods.map(method => method.ast),
 		);
 	};
 
-traitAttr
+implDecl
-	returns[AST.TraitAttr ast = null as any]:
+	returns[AST.ImplDecl ast = null as any]:
-	isConst = 'const'? name = ID (
+	'impl' traitTypeName = namedOrGenericTypeName 'for' structName = qualifiedName (
-		'(' (params += funParam (',' params += funParam)* ','?)? ')'
+		'<' structTypeParams += ID (',' structTypeParams += ID)* '>'
-	)? ':' returnType = typeName (
+	)? '{' methods += memberMethod* '}' {
-		'->' (exprBody = expr ';' | blockBody = block)
+		$ast = new AST.ImplDecl(
-		| ';'
+			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			$traitTypeName.ast,
+			$structName.text!,
+			$structTypeParams.map(p => p.text),
+			$methods.map(method => method.ast),
+		);
+	};
+
+memberField
+	returns[AST.MemberField ast = null as any]:
+	pub = 'pub'? mut = 'mut'? name = ID ':' typeName ';' {
+		$ast = new AST.MemberField(
+			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			!!$ctx._pub,
+			!!$ctx._mut,
+			$name.text!,
+			$typeName.ast,
+		);
+	};
+
+memberMethod
+	returns[AST.MemberMethod ast = null as any]:
+	pub = 'pub'? name = ID '(' (
+		params += funParam (',' params += funParam)* ','?
+	)? ')' '->' returnTypeName = typeName (
+		';'
+		| blockBody = block
+		| '=' exprBody = expr ';'
 	) {
 		let block: AST.Block | null = null;
 		if ($ctx._blockBody?.ast) block = $blockBody.ast;
@@ -209,61 +208,12 @@ traitAttr
 			new AST.ReturnStmt($exprBody.ast.sourceRange, $exprBody.ast),
 		]);
 
-		$ast = new AST.TraitAttr(
+		$ast = new AST.MemberMethod(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			!!$isConst.text,
+			!!$ctx._pub,
 			$name.text!,
 			$params.map(p => p.ast),
-			$returnType.ast,
+			$returnTypeName.ast,
-			block,
-		);
-	};
-
-traitTypeParam
-	returns[AST.TraitTypeParam ast = null as any]:
-	name = ID (':' bound = typeName)? {
-		$ast = new AST.TraitTypeParam(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$name.text!,
-			$ctx._bound?.ast ?? null,
-		);
-	};
-
-implDecl
-	returns[AST.ImplDecl ast = null as any]:
-	'impl' traitName = qualifiedName (
-		'<' traitTypeArgs += typeArg (
-			',' traitTypeArgs += typeArg
-		)* '>'
-	)? 'for' structName = qualifiedName (
-		'<' structTypeParams += ID (',' structTypeParams += ID)* '>'
-	)? '{' attrs += implAttr* '}' {
-		$ast = new AST.ImplDecl(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$traitName.text!,
-			$traitTypeArgs.map(arg => arg.ast),
-			$structName.text!,
-			$structTypeParams.map(p => p.text),
-			$attrs.map(attr => attr.ast),
-		);
-	};
-
-implAttr
-	returns[AST.ImplAttr ast = null as any]:
-	name = ID ('(' (params += ID (',' params += ID)* ','?)? ')')? '->' (
-		exprBody = expr ';'
-		| blockBody = block
-	) {
-		let block: AST.Block;
-		if ($ctx._blockBody?.ast) block = $blockBody.ast;
-		else block = new AST.Block($exprBody.ast.sourceRange, [
-			new AST.ReturnStmt($exprBody.ast.sourceRange, $exprBody.ast),
-		]);
-
-		$ast = new AST.ImplAttr(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$name.text!,
-			$params.map(p => p.text),
 			block,
 		);
 	};
@@ -298,23 +248,25 @@ ifStmt
 		);
 	};
 
-raiseStmt
-	returns[AST.RaiseStmt ast = null as any]:
-	'raise' value = expr ';' {
-		$ast = new AST.RaiseStmt(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$value.ast,
-		);
-	};
-
 expr
 	returns[AST.Expr ast = null as any]:
-	name = qualifiedName { $ast = new AST.Identifier(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $name.name) }
+	name = qualifiedName {
-	| val = INT { $ast = new AST.IntExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), new Integer($val.text!)) }
+		$ast = new AST.Identifier(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $name.name);
-	| val = FLOAT { $ast = new AST.FloatExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), new Float($val.text!)) }
+	}
-	| val = STRING { $ast = new AST.StringExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), JSON.parse($val.text!)) }
+	| val = INT {
-	| lhs = expr op = BINOP rhs = expr {
+		$ast = new AST.IntExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), new Integer($val.text!));
-		$ast = new AST.BinExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $op.text!, $lhs.ast, $rhs.ast) ;
+	}
+	| val = FLOAT {
+		$ast = new AST.FloatExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), new Float($val.text!));
+	}
+	| val = STRING {
+		$ast = new AST.StringExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), JSON.parse($val.text!));
+	}
+	| unop = UNOP value = expr {
+		$ast = new AST.UnExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $unop.text!, $value.ast);
+	}
+	| lhs = expr binop rhs = expr {
+		$ast = new AST.BinExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $binop.value, $lhs.ast, $rhs.ast);
 	}
 	| cond = expr '?' ifTrue = expr ':' ifFalse = expr {
 		$ast = new AST.CondExpr(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $cond.ast, $ifTrue.ast, $ifFalse.ast);
@@ -333,10 +285,9 @@ expr
 			$rval.ast,
 		);
 	}
-	| '(' (params += funParam (',' params += funParam)* ','?)? ')' '->' (
+	| '(' (
-		exprBody = expr
+		params += lambdaExprParam (',' params += lambdaExprParam)* ','?
-		| blockBody = block
+	)? ')' '->' (exprBody = expr | blockBody = block) {
-	) {
 		let block: AST.Block;
 		if ($ctx._blockBody?.ast) block = $blockBody.ast;
 		else block = new AST.Block($exprBody.ast.sourceRange, [
@@ -351,35 +302,71 @@ expr
 	}
 	| '(' expr ')' { $ast = $expr.ast };
 
+lambdaExprParam
+	returns[AST.LambdaParam ast = null as any]:
+	name = ID (':' typeName)? {
+		$ast = new AST.LambdaParam(
+			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			$name.text!,
+			$ctx.typeName()?.ast ?? null,
+		);
+	};
+
+namedOrGenericTypeName
+	returns[(AST.NamedTypeName | AST.GenericTypeName) ast = null as any]:
+	namedTypeName { $ast = $namedTypeName.ast }
+	| genericTypeName { $ast = $genericTypeName.ast };
+
 typeName
 	returns[AST.TypeName ast = null as any]:
-	name = ID { $ast = new AST.NamedTypeName(this.getSourceRange($ctx), $name.text!) }
+	(
-	| name = ID '<' typeArgs += typeArg (',' typeArgs += typeArg)* '>' {
+		namedTypeName
+		| genericTypeName
+		| pointerTypeName
+		| nullableTypeName
+		| lambdaTypeName
+	) { $ast = ($ctx.getChild(0) as any).ast };
+
+namedTypeName
+	returns[AST.NamedTypeName ast = null as any]:
+	name = ID {
+		$ast = new AST.NamedTypeName(
+			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			$name.text!,
+		);
+	};
+
+genericTypeName
+	returns[AST.GenericTypeName ast = null as any]:
+	name = ID '<' typeArgs += typeName (',' typeArgs += typeName)* '>' {
 		$ast = new AST.GenericTypeName(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
 			$name.text!,
 			$typeArgs.map(arg => arg.ast),
 		);
-	}
+	};
-	| type_ = typeName '?' {
+
+pointerTypeName
+	returns[AST.PointerTypeName ast = null as any]:
+	'&' (namedTypeName | genericTypeName) {
+		$ast = new AST.PointerTypeName(
+			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+			$ctx.namedTypeName()?.ast || $ctx.genericTypeName()?.ast,
+		);
+	};
+
+nullableTypeName
+	returns[AST.NullableTypeName ast = null as any]:
+	(pointerTypeName | lambdaTypeName) '?' {
 		$ast = new AST.NullableTypeName(
 			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$type_.ast,
+			$ctx.pointerTypeName()?.ast || $ctx.lambdaTypeName()?.ast,
 		);
-	}
+	};
-	| type_ = typeName '[' ']' {
+
-		$ast = new AST.ArrayTypeName(
+lambdaTypeName
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
+	returns[AST.LambdaTypeName ast = null as any]:
-			$type_.ast,
+	'(' (
-		);
-	}
-	| '(' typeNames += typeName (',' typeNames += typeName)+ ','? ')' {
-		$ast = new AST.TupleTypeName(
-			this.getSourceRange($ctx),
-			$typeNames.map(typeName => typeName.ast),
-		);
-	}
-	| '(' (
 		params += lambdaTypeNameParam (
 			',' params += lambdaTypeNameParam
 		)* ','?
@@ -393,8 +380,8 @@ typeName
 
 lambdaTypeNameParam
 	returns[[string | null, AST.TypeName] ast = null as any]:
-	(name = ID ':')? type_ = typeName {
+	(name = ID ':')? typeName {
-		$ast = [$name.text ?? null, $type_.ast];
+		$ast = [$name.text ?? null, $ctx.typeName().ast];
 	};
 
 typeArg
@@ -407,6 +394,12 @@ qualifiedName
 		$name = $qualifiers.map(q => q.text);
 	};
 
+binop
+	returns[string value = '']:
+	(BINOP | '<' | '>') { $value = $ctx.getText(); };
+
+UNOP: '~' | '!';
+
 BINOP:
 	'+'
 	| '-'
@@ -423,10 +416,9 @@ BINOP:
 	| '??'
 	| '**'
 	| '=='
+	| '!='
 	| '>='
-	| '<='
+	| '<=';
-	| '>'
-	| '<';
 
 FLOAT: ('+' | '-')? ([0-9]+ '.' [0-9]* | [0-9]* '.' [0-9]+);
 

src/frontend/ast/decl.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { Block } from "./block";
 import type { Expr } from "./expr";
 import { Node, SourceRange } from "./node";
 import { Stmt } from "./stmt";
-import type { TypeName } from "./type-name";
+import type { GenericTypeName, NamedTypeName, TypeName } from "./type-name";
 import type { Visitor } from "./visitor";
 
 export abstract class Decl extends Stmt { }
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export abstract class Decl extends Stmt { }
 export class VarDecl extends Decl {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isMut: boolean,
     public name: string,
     public typeName: TypeName | null,
     public value: Expr,
@@ -23,9 +24,10 @@ export class VarDecl extends Decl {
 export class FunDecl extends Decl {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isPub: boolean,
     public name: string,
-    public returnTypeName: TypeName | null,
     public params: FunParam[],
+    public returnTypeName: TypeName,
     public body: Block,
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
@@ -49,9 +51,11 @@ export class FunParam extends Node {
 export class TraitDecl extends Decl {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isPub: boolean,
     public name: string,
-    public typeParams: TraitTypeParam[],
+    public genericParams: string[],
-    public attrs: TraitAttr[],
+    public parents: (NamedTypeName | GenericTypeName)[],
+    public methods: MemberMethod[],
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
@@ -59,41 +63,13 @@ export class TraitDecl extends Decl {
   }
 }
 
-export class TraitAttr extends Node {
-  constructor(
-    sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public isConst: boolean,
-    public name: string,
-    public params: FunParam[],
-    public returnTypeName: TypeName,
-    public defaultBody: Block | null,
-  ) { super(sourceRange); }
-
-  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitTraitAttr(this);
-  }
-}
-
-export class TraitTypeParam extends Node {
-  constructor(
-    sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public name: string,
-    public bound: TypeName | null,
-  ) { super(sourceRange); }
-
-  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitTraitTypeParam(this);
-  }
-}
-
 export class ImplDecl extends Decl {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public traitName: string,
+    public traitTypeName: NamedTypeName | GenericTypeName,
-    public traitTypeArgs: TypeName[],
     public structName: string,
-    public structTypeParams: string[],
+    public structGenericParams: string[],
-    public attrs: ImplAttr[],
+    public methods: MemberMethod[],
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
@@ -101,26 +77,14 @@ export class ImplDecl extends Decl {
   }
 }
 
-export class ImplAttr extends Decl {
-  constructor(
-    sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public name: string,
-    public paramNames: string[],
-    public body: Block,
-  ) { super(sourceRange); }
-
-  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitImplAttr(this);
-  }
-}
-
 export class StructDecl extends Decl {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isPub: boolean,
     public name: string,
-    public typeParams: StructTypeParam[],
+    public genericParams: string[],
-    public fields: StructField[],
+    public fields: MemberField[],
-    public initializers: StructInitializer[],
+    public methods: MemberMethod[],
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
@@ -128,38 +92,31 @@ export class StructDecl extends Decl {
   }
 }
 
-export class StructField extends Node {
+export class MemberField extends Node {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isPub: boolean,
+    public isMut: boolean,
     public name: string,
     public typeName: TypeName,
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitStructField(this);
+    return visitor.visitMemberField(this);
   }
 }
 
-export class StructInitializer extends Node {
+export class MemberMethod extends Node {
-  constructor(
-    sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public params: FunParam[],
-    public body: Block,
-  ) { super(sourceRange); }
-
-  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitStructInitializer(this);
-  }
-}
-
-export class StructTypeParam extends Node {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public isPub: boolean,
     public name: string,
-    public bound: TypeName | null,
+    public params: FunParam[],
+    public returnTypeName: TypeName,
+    public body: Block | null,
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitStructTypeParam(this);
+    return visitor.visitMemberMethod(this);
   }
 }

src/frontend/ast/expr.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { Visitor } from "./visitor";
 import type { FunParam } from "./decl";
 import type { Block } from "./block";
 import type { Float, Integer } from "~/const";
+import type { TypeName } from "./type-name";
 
 export abstract class Expr extends Node { }
 
@@ -46,6 +47,17 @@ export class StringExpr extends Expr {
   }
 }
 
+export class UnExpr extends Expr {
+  constructor(
+    sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public op: string,
+    public value: Expr,
+  ) { super(sourceRange); }
+
+  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
+    return visitor.visitUnExpr(this);
+  }
+}
 
 export class BinExpr extends Expr {
   constructor(
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@ export class CondExpr extends Expr {
 export class LambdaExpr extends Expr {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public params: FunParam[],
+    public params: LambdaParam[],
     public body: Block,
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
@@ -97,6 +109,18 @@ export class LambdaExpr extends Expr {
   }
 }
 
+export class LambdaParam extends Node {
+  constructor(
+    sourceRange: SourceRange,
+    public name: string,
+    public typeName: TypeName | null,
+  ) { super(sourceRange); }
+
+  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
+    return visitor.visitLambdaParam(this);
+  }
+}
+
 export class AssignExpr extends Expr {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,

src/frontend/ast/stmt.ts

@@ -50,14 +50,3 @@ export class WhileStmt extends Stmt {
   }
 }
 
-export class RaiseStmt extends Stmt {
-  constructor(
-    sourceRange: SourceRange,
-    public value: Expr
-  ) { super(sourceRange); }
-
-  accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitRaiseStmt(this);
-  }
-}
-

src/frontend/ast/type-name.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import type { Expr } from "./expr";
 import { Node, SourceRange } from "./node";
 import type { Visitor } from "./visitor";
 
@@ -38,14 +37,14 @@ export class NullableTypeName extends TypeName {
   }
 }
 
-export class ArrayTypeName extends TypeName {
+export class PointerTypeName extends TypeName {
   constructor(
     sourceRange: SourceRange,
     public typeName: TypeName,
   ) { super(sourceRange); }
 
   accept<ResultT>(visitor: Visitor<ResultT>): ResultT {
-    return visitor.visitArrayTypeName(this);
+    return visitor.visitPointerTypeName(this);
   }
 }
 

src/frontend/ast/visitor.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import type { Block } from "./block";
-import type { FunDecl, FunParam, ImplAttr, ImplDecl, StructDecl, StructField, StructInitializer, StructTypeParam, TraitAttr, TraitDecl, TraitTypeParam, VarDecl } from "./decl";
+import type { FunDecl, FunParam, ImplDecl, MemberField, MemberMethod, StructDecl, TraitDecl, VarDecl } from "./decl";
-import type { AssignExpr, BinExpr, CallExpr, CondExpr, FloatExpr, Identifier, IntExpr, LambdaExpr, StringExpr } from "./expr";
+import type { AssignExpr, BinExpr, CallExpr, CondExpr, FloatExpr, Identifier, IntExpr, LambdaExpr, LambdaParam, StringExpr, UnExpr } from "./expr";
 import type { ImportStmt, Module, ModuleDecl } from "./module";
-import { IfStmt, RaiseStmt, ReturnStmt, WhileStmt, type ExprStmt } from "./stmt";
+import type { IfStmt, ReturnStmt, WhileStmt, ExprStmt } from "./stmt";
-import type { ArrayTypeName, GenericTypeName, LambdaTypeName, NamedTypeName, NullableTypeName, TupleTypeName } from "./type-name";
+import type { GenericTypeName, LambdaTypeName, NamedTypeName, NullableTypeName, PointerTypeName, TupleTypeName } from "./type-name";
 
 export abstract class Visitor<ResultT = any> {
   public abstract visitModule(module_: Module): ResultT;
@@ -15,40 +15,38 @@ export abstract class Visitor<ResultT = any> {
   public abstract visitReturnStmt(returnStmt: ReturnStmt): ResultT;
   public abstract visitIfStmt(ifStmt: IfStmt): ResultT;
   public abstract visitWhileStmt(whileStmt: WhileStmt): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitRaiseStmt(raiseStmt: RaiseStmt): ResultT;
 
   public abstract visitVarDecl(varDecl: VarDecl): ResultT;
   public abstract visitFunDecl(funDecl: FunDecl): ResultT;
   public abstract visitFunParam(funParam: FunParam): ResultT;
   public abstract visitTraitDecl(traitDecl: TraitDecl): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitTraitAttr(traitAttr: TraitAttr): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitTraitTypeParam(traitTypeParam: TraitTypeParam): ResultT;
   public abstract visitImplDecl(implDecl: ImplDecl): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitImplAttr(implAttr: ImplAttr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitStructDecl(structDecl: StructDecl): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitStructField(structField: StructField): ResultT;
+  public abstract visitMemberField(memberField: MemberField): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitStructTypeParam(structTypeParam: StructTypeParam): ResultT;
+  public abstract visitMemberMethod(memberMethod: MemberMethod): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitStructInitializer(structInitializer: StructInitializer): ResultT;
+
 
   public abstract visitIdentifier(identifier: Identifier): ResultT;
   public abstract visitIntExpr(intExpr: IntExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitFloatExpr(floatExpr: FloatExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitStringExpr(stringExpr: StringExpr): ResultT;
+  public abstract visitUnExpr(unExpr: UnExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitBinExpr(binExpr: BinExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitCallExpr(callExpr: CallExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitCondExpr(condExpr: CondExpr): ResultT;
   public abstract visitLambdaExpr(lambdaExpr: LambdaExpr): ResultT;
+  public abstract visitLambdaParam(lambdaParam: LambdaParam): ResultT;
   public abstract visitAssignExpr(assignExpr: AssignExpr): ResultT;
 
   public abstract visitNamedTypeName(namedTypeName: NamedTypeName): ResultT;
   public abstract visitGenericTypeName(genericTypeName: GenericTypeName): ResultT;
   public abstract visitNullableTypeName(nullableTypeName: NullableTypeName): ResultT;
-  public abstract visitArrayTypeName(arrayTypeName: ArrayTypeName): ResultT;
+  public abstract visitPointerTypeName(pointerTypeName: PointerTypeName): ResultT;
   public abstract visitTupleTypeName(tupleTypeName: TupleTypeName): ResultT;
   public abstract visitLambdaTypeName(lambdaTypeName: LambdaTypeName): ResultT;
 }
 
-export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
+export class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
   public visitModule(module_: Module): ResultT {
     module_.imports.forEach((import_) => import_.accept(this));
     module_.decls.forEach((decl) => decl.accept(this));
@@ -91,11 +89,6 @@ export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
     return null as any;
   }
 
-  public visitRaiseStmt(raiseStmt: RaiseStmt): ResultT {
-    raiseStmt.value.accept(this);
-    return null as any;
-  }
-
   public visitVarDecl(varDecl: VarDecl): ResultT {
     varDecl.typeName?.accept(this);
     varDecl.value.accept(this);
@@ -115,53 +108,30 @@ export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
   }
 
   public visitTraitDecl(traitDecl: TraitDecl): ResultT {
-    traitDecl.typeParams.forEach((typeParam) => typeParam.accept(this));
+    traitDecl.methods.forEach((method) => method.accept(this));
-    traitDecl.attrs.forEach((attr) => attr.accept(this));
-    return null as any;
-  }
-
-  public visitTraitAttr(traitAttr: TraitAttr): ResultT {
-    traitAttr.params.forEach((param) => param.accept(this));
-    traitAttr.returnTypeName.accept(this);
-    traitAttr.defaultBody?.accept(this);
-    return null as any;
-  }
-
-  public visitTraitTypeParam(traitTypeParam: TraitTypeParam): ResultT {
-    traitTypeParam.bound?.accept(this);
     return null as any;
   }
 
   public visitImplDecl(implDecl: ImplDecl): ResultT {
-    implDecl.traitTypeArgs.forEach((traitTypeArg) => traitTypeArg.accept(this));
+    implDecl.methods.forEach((attr) => attr.accept(this));
-    implDecl.attrs.forEach((attr) => attr.accept(this));
-    return null as any;
-  }
-
-  public visitImplAttr(implAttr: ImplAttr): ResultT {
-    implAttr.body.accept(this);
     return null as any;
   }
 
   public visitStructDecl(structDecl: StructDecl): ResultT {
-    structDecl.typeParams.forEach((typeParam) => typeParam.accept(this));
     structDecl.fields.forEach((field) => field.accept(this));
+    structDecl.methods.forEach((method) => method.accept(this));
     return null as any;
   }
 
-  public visitStructTypeParam(structTypeParam: StructTypeParam): ResultT {
+  public visitMemberField(memberField: MemberField): ResultT {
-    structTypeParam.bound?.accept(this);
+    memberField.typeName.accept(this);
     return null as any;
   }
 
-  public visitStructField(structField: StructField): ResultT {
+  public visitMemberMethod(memberMethod: MemberMethod): ResultT {
-    structField.typeName.accept(this);
+    memberMethod.params.forEach((param) => param.accept(this));
-    return null as any;
+    memberMethod.returnTypeName?.accept(this);
-  }
+    memberMethod.body?.accept(this);
-
-  public visitStructInitializer(structInitializer: StructInitializer): ResultT {
-    structInitializer.params.forEach((param) => param.accept(this));
-    structInitializer.body.accept(this);
     return null as any;
   }
 
@@ -181,6 +151,11 @@ export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
     return null as any;
   }
 
+  public visitUnExpr(unExpr: UnExpr): ResultT {
+    unExpr.value.accept(this);
+    return null as any;
+  }
+
   public visitBinExpr(binExpr: BinExpr): ResultT {
     binExpr.lhs.accept(this);
     binExpr.rhs.accept(this);
@@ -206,6 +181,11 @@ export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
     return null as any;
   }
 
+  public visitLambdaParam(lambdaParam: LambdaParam): ResultT {
+    lambdaParam.typeName?.accept(this);
+    return null as any;
+  }
+
   public visitAssignExpr(assignExpr: AssignExpr): ResultT {
     assignExpr.lval.accept(this);
     assignExpr.rval.accept(this);
@@ -226,8 +206,8 @@ export abstract class BaseVisitor<ResultT = any> implements Visitor<ResultT> {
     return null as any;
   }
 
-  public visitArrayTypeName(arrayTypeName: ArrayTypeName): ResultT {
+  public visitPointerTypeName(pointerTypeName: PointerTypeName): ResultT {
-    arrayTypeName.typeName.accept(this);
+    pointerTypeName.typeName.accept(this);
     return null as any;
   }
 

src/frontend/semantics/symbol.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { Type } from "./type";
+
+export class Symbol {
+  constructor(
+    public name: string,
+    public type: Type,
+  ) { }
+}

src/main.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { inspect } from "bun";
 import { parseModule } from "./parser";
-import { printErrors } from "./errors";
+import { hasErrors, printErrors } from "./errors";
+import AST from "./frontend/ast";
 
-const module = parseModule('examples/test.plsm');
+const module = parseModule('examples/LinkedList.plsm');
 console.log(inspect(module, { depth: 1000, colors: false }));
 
-printErrors();
+printErrors();
+module.accept(new AST.BaseVisitor());